Top-Level Categories for the ACM Taxonomy
Source : Ezaekiel
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General Literature Hardware Computer Systems Organization Software/Software Engineering Data Theory of Computation Mathematics of Computing Information Technology and Systems Computing Methodologies Computer Applications Computing Milieux
Detailed taxonomy structure
General Literature
General
Biographies/Autobiographies Conference Proceedings General Literary Works
Introductory and Survey Reference Miscellaneous
Hardware
General Control Structures and Microprogramming
General Control Design Styles
Hardwired control Microprogrammed logic arrays Writable control store
Control Structure Performance Analysis and Design Aids
Automatic synthesis Formal models Simulation
Control Structure Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
Diagnostics Error-checking Redundant design Test generation
Microprogram Design Aids
Firmware engineering Languages and compilers Machine-independent microcode generation Optimization Verification
Microcode Applications
Direct data manipulation Firmware support of operating systems/instruction sets Instruction set interpretation Peripheral control Special-purpose
Miscellaneous
Emerging technologies
Arithmetic and Logic Structures
General Design Styles
Calculator Parallel Pipeline Multiple valued logic
Performance Analysis and Design Aids
Simulation Verification Worst-case analysis
Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
Diagnostics Error-checking Redundant design Test generation
High-Speed Arithmetic
Algorithms Cost/performance
Miscellaneous
Memory Structures
General Semiconductor Memories
DRAM ROM SRAM
Design Styles
Associative memories Cache memories Interleaved memories Mass storage Primary memory Sequential-access memory Shared memory Virtual memory
Performance Analysis and Design Aids
Formal models Simulation Worst-case analysis
Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
Diagnostics Error-checking Redundant design Test generation
Miscellaneous
I/O and Data Communications
General Data Communications Devices
Processors Receivers Transmitters
Input/Output Devices
Channels and controllers Data terminals and printers Image display Voice
Interconnections (Subsystems)
Asynchronous/synchronous operation Fiber optics Interfaces Parallel I/O Physical structures Topology Web technologies Wireless systems
Performance Analysis and Design Aids
Formal models Simulation Verification Worst-case analysis
Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance
Built-in tests Diagnostics Error-checking Hardware reliability Redundant design Test generation
Miscellaneous
Register-Transfer-Level Implementation
General Design
Arithmetic and logic units Control design Data-path design Memory design Styles
Design Aids
Automatic synthesis Hardware description languages Optimization Simulation Verification
Reliability and Testing
Built-in tests Error-checking Redundant design Test generation Testability
Miscellaneous
Logic Design
General Design Styles
Cellular arrays and automata Combinational logic Logic arrays Memory control and access Memory used as logic Parallel circuits Sequential circuits
Reliability and Testing
Built-in tests Error-checking Redundant design Test generation Testability
Design Aids
Automatic synthesis Hardware description languages Optimization Simulation Switching theory Verification
Miscellaneous
Integrated Circuits
General Types and Design Styles
Advanced technologies Algorithms implemented in hardware Gate arrays Input/output circuits Memory technologies Microprocessors and microcomputers Network connectivity chips Standard cells VLSI
Design Aids
Graphics Layout Placement and routing Simulation Verification
Reliability and Testing
Built-in tests Error-checking Fault injection Redundant design Test generation Testability
Miscellaneous
Performance and Reliability
General Reliability, Testing, and Fault-Tolerance Performance Analysis and Design Aids Miscellaneous
Power Management
Low-power design Energy-aware systems
Miscellaneous
Design management
Computer Systems Organization
General
Emerging technologies Hardware/software interfaces Instruction set design Modeling of computer architecture System architectures, integration and modeling Systems specification methodology
Processor Architectures
General Single Data Stream Architectures
MISD processors Pipeline processors RISC/CISC, VLIW architectures SISD processors Von Neumann architectures
Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)
Array and vector processors Associative processors Connection machines Interconnection architectures Load balancing and task assignment MIMD processors Parallel processors Pipeline processors TC scheduling and synchronization SIMD processors
Other Architecture Styles
Adaptable architectures Analog computers Capability architectures Cellular architecture Dataflow architectures Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems High-level language architectures Multithreaded processors Neural nets Neurocomputers Pipeline processors Stack-oriented processors
Parallel Architectures
Distributed architectures Mobile processors Real-time distributed Scheduling and task partitioning
Miscellaneous
Analog computers Hybrid systems
Communication/Networking and Information Technology
General
Architecture Data communications Emerging technologies Infrastructure protection Interprocessor communications Network-level security and protection OSI reference model Standards
Network Architecture and Design
ATM Centralized networks Circuit-switching networks Distributed networks Frame relay networks ISDN Network communications Network topology Packet-switching networks Store and forward networks Wireless communication
Network Protocols
Applications Protocol architecture Protocol verification Routing protocols
Network Operations
Network management Network monitoring Public networks
Distributed Systems
Client/server Distributed applications Distributed databases Network operating systems
Local-Area Networks
Access schemes Buses Ethernet High-speed Internet Token rings
Internetworking
Bridges Gateways Multicast Protocols Routers Standards
Wide-area networks
CATV Optical fiber Sensor networks Telephony Wireless
Mobile Computing
Algorithm/protocol design and analysis Architectures Mobile communication systems Mobile environments Support services
Miscellaneous
Special-Purpose and Application-Based Systems
Application studies resulting in better multiple-processor systems Microprocessor/microcomputer applications Process control systems Real-time and embedded systems Reconfigurable hardware Signal processing systems Smartcards Ubiquitous computing
Performance of Systems
Design studies Fault tolerance Measurement techniques Modeling techniques Performance attributes Reliability, availability, and serviceability Measurement, evaluation, modeling, simulation of multiple-processor systems
Computer System Implementation
General Large and Medium (”Mainframe”)
Super (very large) computers
Minicomputers Microcomputers
Microprocessors Personal computers Portable devices Workstations
VLSI Systems
Impact of VLSI on system design
Servers
Web server Web browser
Multiprocessor Systems Wearable Computers Miscellaneous
Software/Software Engineering
General Programming Techniques
General Applicative (Functional) Programming Automatic Programming Concurrent Programming Sequential Programming Object-Oriented Programming Logic Programming Visual Programming Distributed programming Miscellaneous
Software Engineering
General
Protection mechanisms Software psychology Software engineering for Internet projects Standards Surveys of historical development of one particular area
Requirements/Specifications
Analysis Elicitation methods Languages Management Methodologies Process Specification Tools Validation
Design Tools and Techniques
CASE Decision tables Distributed/Internet based software engineering tools and techniques Modules and interfaces Programmer workbench
Coding Tools and Techniques
Object-oriented programming Pretty printers Program editors Reentrant code Standards Structured programming Top-down programming
Software/Program Verification
Assertion checkers, assertion languages, performance Class invariants Correctness proofs Formal methods Model checking Programming by contract Reliability Statistical methods Validation
Testing and Debugging
Code inspections and walkthroughs Debugging aids Diagnostics Distributed debugging Dumps Error handling and recovery Monitors Reliability Symbolic execution Test levels Testing strategies Test design Test coverage of code Test coverage of specifications Test execution Test documentation Test management Testing tools Tracing Usability testing
Programming Environments/Construction Tools
Environments for multiple-processor systems Graphical environments Integrated environments Interactive environments Programmer workbench
Distribution, Maintenance, and Enhancement
Conversion from sequential to parallel forms Corrections Documentation Enhancement Evolving Internet applications Extensibility Maintainability Maintenance management Maintenance measurement Maintenance planning Maintenance process Portability Restructuring, reverse engineering, and reengineering Version control
Metrics/Measurement
Complexity measures Performance measures Process metrics Product metrics Software science
Management
Copyrights Cost estimation Enactment Initiation and scope definition Organizational management and coordination Planning Postclosure activities Productivity Programming teams Project close out Project control & modeling Review and evaluation Risk management Schedule and organizational issues Software acquisition Time estimation
Design
Design concepts Design notations and documentation Representation State diagrams Evolutionary prototyping Methodologies Object-oriented design methods Quality analysis and evaluation Rapid prototyping Representation
Software Architectures
Data abstraction Domain-specific architectures Information hiding Languages Patterns
Interoperability
Data mapping Distributed objects Interface definition languages
Reusable Software
Domain engineering Reusable libraries Reuse models
Human Factors in Software Design
User interfaces
Software and System Safety Configuration Management
Configuration auditing Configuration control Configuration identification Configuration management process Configuration status accounting Software release management and delivery
Software Construction
Construction planning Code design Code tuning Data design and management Error processing Source code organization Code documentation Construction QA Programming paradigms System integration and implementation
Software Engineering Process
Life cycle Process infrastructure Process measurement Process definition Software process models Qualitative process analysis Process implementation and change
Software Quality/SQA
Quality concepts Planning for SQA and V&V Methods for SQA and V&V Measurement applied to SQA and V&V
Miscellaneous
Software libraries System issues
Programming Languages
General
Standards
Formal Definitions and Theory
Semantics Syntax
Language Classifications
Applicative (functional) languages Componentware Compression technologies Concurrent, distributed, and parallel languages Constraint and logic languages Dataflow languages Design languages Development tools Extensible languages Java Macro and assembly languages Microprogramming languages Multiparadigm languages Nondeterministic languages Nonprocedural languages Object-oriented languages Query languages Scripting languages Specialized application languages Very high-level languages
Language Constructs and Features
Abstract data types Classes and objects Concurrent programming structures Constraints Control structures Coroutines Data types and structures Distributed objects, components, containers Dynamic storage management Frameworks Inheritance Input/output Modules, packages Patterns Polymorphism Procedures, functions, and subroutines Recursion
Processors
Code generation Compilers Debuggers Incremental compilers Interpreters Memory management Optimization Parsing Preprocessors Retargetable compilers Runtime environments Translator writing systems and compile
Miscellaneous
Operating Systems
General Process Management
Concurrency Deadlocks Multiprocessing/multiprogramming/multitasking Mutual exclusion Scheduling Synchronization Threads
Storage Management
Allocation/deallocation strategies Distributed memories Garbage collection Main memory Secondary storage Segmentation Storage hierarchies Swapping Virtual memory
File Systems Management
Access methods Directory structures Distributed file systems File organization Maintenance
Communications Management
Buffering Input/output Message sending Network communication Terminal management
Reliability
Backup procedures Checkpoint/restart Disconnected operation Fault-tolerance High availability Verification
Security and Privacy Protection
Access controls Authentication Cryptographic controls Information flow controls Invasive software Security kernels Verification
Organization and Design
Batch processing systems Distributed systems Hierarchical design Interactive systems Real-time systems and embedded systems Parallel systems
Performance
Measurements Modeling and prediction Monitors Operational analysis Queuing theory Simulation Stochastic analysis
Systems Programs and Utilities
Command and control languages Linkers Loaders Window managers
Support for Adaptation
Application-aware adaptation Application-transparent adaptation Fidelity, agility, and stability Low-bandwidth operation Transcoding
Miscellaneous
Data
General
Data communications aspects Data dependencies Data encryption File organization Knowledge and data engineering tools and techniques System applications and experience
Data Structures
Arrays Distributed data structures Distributed file systems Graphs and networks Lists, stacks, and queues Records Tables Trees
Data Storage Representations
Composite structures Contiguous representations Hash-table representations Linked representations Object representation Primitive data items
Data Encryption
Code breaking DES Public key cryptosystems Standards
Coding and Information Theory
Data compaction and compression Error control codes Normal models of communication Nonsecret encoding schemes
Files
Backup/recovery Optimization Organization/structure Sorting/searching
Miscellaneous
Theory of Computation
General Computation by Abstract Devices
General Models of Computation
Automata Bounded-action devices Computability theory Relations between models Self-modifying machines Unbounded-action devices
Modes of Computation
Alternation and nondeterminism Interactive and reactive computation Online computation Parallelism and concurrency Probabilistic computation Relations among modes Relativized computation
Complexity Measures and Classes
Complexity hierarchies Machine-independent complexity Reducibility and completeness Relations among complexity classes Relations among complexity measures
Miscellaneous
Analysis of Algorithms and Problem Complexity
General Numerical Algorithms and Problems
Computation of transforms Computations in finite fields Computations on matrices Computations on polynomials Number-theoretic computations
Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
Complexity of proof procedures Computations on discrete structures Geometrical problems and computations Pattern matching Routing and layout Sequencing and scheduling
Sorting and searching Miscellaneous
Logics and Meanings of Programs
General Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs
Assertions Invariants Logics of programs Mechanical verification Pre- and post-conditions Specification techniques
Semantics of Programming Languages
Algebraic approaches to semantics Denotational semantics Operational semantics Partial evaluation Process models Program analysis
Studies of Program Constructs
Control primitives Functional constructs Object-oriented constructs Program and recursion schemes Type structure
Miscellaneous
Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages
General Mathematical Logic
Computability theory Computational logic Lambda calculus and related systems Logic and constraint programming Mechanical theorem proving Modal logic Model theory Proof theory Recursive function theory Set theory Temporal logic
Grammars and Other Rewriting Systems
Decision problems Grammar types Parallel rewriting systems Parsing Thue systems
Formal Languages
Algebraic language theory Classes defined by grammars or automata Classes defined by resource-bounded automata Decision problems Operations on languages
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous
Mathematics of Computing
General Numerical Analysis
General
Computer arithmetic Conditioning and ill-conditioning Error analysis Interval arithmetic Multiple precision arithmetic Numerical algorithms Parallel algorithms Stability and instability
Interpolation
Difference formulas Extrapolation Interpolation formulas Smoothing Spline and piecewise polynomial interpolation
Approximation
Approximation of surfaces and contours Chebyshev approximation and theory Elementary function approximation Fast Fourier transforms Least squares approximation Linear approximation Minimax approximation and algorithms Nonlinear approximation Rational approximation Special function approximations Spline and piecewise polynomial approximation Wavelets and fractals
Numerical Linear Algebra
Conditioning Determinants Eigenvalues and eigenvectors Error analysis Linear systems Matrix inversion Pseudoinverses Singular value decomposition Sparse, structured, and very large systems
Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation
Adaptive and iterative quadrature Automatic differentiation Equal interval integration Error analysis Finite difference methods Gaussian quadrature Iterative methods Multidimensional (multiple) quadrature
Roots of Nonlinear Equations
Continuation (homotopy) methods Convergence Error analysis Iterative methods Polynomials, methods for Systems of equations
Optimization
Constrained optimization Convex programming Global optimization Gradient methods Inter programming Least squares methods Linear programming Nonlinear programming Quadratic programming methods Simulated annealing Stochastic programming Unconstrained optimization
Ordinary Differential Equations
Boundary value problems Chaotic systems Convergence and stability Differential-algebraic equations Error analysis Finite difference methods Initial value problems Multistep and multivalue methods One-step (single step) methods Stiff equations
Partial Differential Equations
Domain decomposition methods Elliptic equations Finite difference methods Finite element methods Finite volume methods Hyperbolic equations Inverse problems Iterative solution techniques Method of lines Multigrid and multilevel methods Parabolic equations Spectral methods
Integral Equations
Delay equations Fredholm equation Intro-differential equations Volterra equations
Applications Miscellaneous
Discrete Mathematics
General Combinatorics
Combinatorial algorithms Counting problems Generating functions Permutations and combinations Recurrences and difference equations
Graph Theory
Graph algorithms Graph labeling Hypergraphs Network problems Path and circuit problems Trees
Applications Miscellaneous
Probability and Statistics
Contingency table analysis Correlation and regression analysis Distribution functions Experimental design Markov processes Multivariate statistics Nonparametric statistics Probabilistic algorithms Queuing theory Random number generation Reliability and life testing Renewal theory Robust regression Statistical computing Statistical software Stochastic processes Survival analysis Time series analysis
Mathematical Software
Algorithm design and analysis Certification and testing Documentation Efficiency Parallel and vector implementations Portability Reliability and robustness User interfaces Verification
Miscellaneous
Queuing theory
Information Technology and Systems
General
Infrastructure Protection
Models and Principles
General Systems and Information Theory
General systems theory Information theory Value of information
User/Machine Systems
Human factors Human-centered computing Human information processing Software psychology
Miscellaneous
Database Management
General
Security, integrity, and protection Database design, modeling and management Query design and implementation languages
Logical Design
Data models Database architectures Database integration Database models Normal forms Schema and subschema
Physical Design
Access methods Deadlock avoidance Indexing methods Physical database design prototypes Recovery and restart
Languages
Data description languages Data manipulation languages Database (persistent) programming languages Database semantics Query languages Report writers
Systems
Active databases Buffer management Concurrency Distributed databases Multimedia databases Object-oriented databases Parallel databases Query processing Relational database Rule-based databases Spatial databases Statistical databases Temporal databases Textual databases Transaction processing Workflow management
Heterogeneous Databases
Data translation Program translation
Database Machines Database Administration
Data dictionary/directory Data warehouse and repository Logging and recovery Security, integrity, and protection
Database Applications
Bioinformatics (genome or protein) databases Clustering, classification, and association rules Data and knowledge visualization Data mining Feature extraction or construction Knowledge management applications Image databases Interactive data exploration and discovery Mining methods and algorithms Modeling structured, textual and multimedia data Personalization Text mining Web mining Scientific databases Spatial databases and GIS Statistical databases
Miscellaneous
Information Storage and Retrieval
General
Web Search
Context Analysis and Indexing
Abstracting methods Dictionaries Indexing methods Linguistic processing Thesauruses
Information Storage
Document/file management File organization Record classification Storage/repositories
Information Search and Retrieval
Clustering Information filtering Internet search Metadata Query formulation Relevance feedback Retrieval models Search process Selection process
Systems and Software
Current awareness systems Distributed systems Information networks Performance evaluation Question-answering systems User profiles and alert services
Online Information Services
Commercial services Data sharing DOM HTML/DHTML CSS Web-based services XML/XSL/RDF
Library Automation
Large text archives
Digital Libraries
Collection Dissemination Standards Systems issues User issues
Miscellaneous
Information Technology and Systems Applications
General Office Automation
Desktop publishing Equipment Groupware Spreadsheets Time management Word processing Workflow management
Types of Systems
Decision support Logistics
Communications Applications
Bulletin boards Computer conferencing, teleconferencing, and videoconferencing Electronic mail Information browsers Videotex
Miscellaneous
Information Interfaces and Representation (HCI)
General Multimedia Information Systems
Animations Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities Audio input/output Evaluation/methodology Hypertext navigation and maps Image/video retrieval Video
User Interfaces
Auditory (non-speech) feedback Benchmarking Design for wearability Ergonomics Evaluation/methodology Graphical user interfaces Haptic I/O Input devices and strategies Interaction styles Natural language Prototyping Screen design Standardization Style guides Theory and methods Training, help, and documentation User-centered design User interface management systems Vision I/O Voice I/O Windowing systems
Group and Organization Interfaces
Asynchronous interaction Collaborative computing Computer-supported cooperative work Evaluation/methodology Organizational design Synchronous interaction Theory and models Web-based interaction
Hypertext/Hypermedia
Architectures Navigation Theory User issues
Sound and Music Computing
Methodologies and techniques Modeling Signal analysis, synthesis, and processing Systems
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous
Computing Methodologies
General Symbolic and algebraic manipulation
General Expressions and Their Representation
Representations Simplification of expressions
Algorithms
Algebraic algorithms Algorithms for data and knowledge management Analysis of algorithms Nonalgebraic algorithms Performance evaluation of algorithms and systems
Languages and Systems
Evaluation strategies Nonprocedural languages Special-purpose algebraic systems Special-purpose hardware Substitution mechanisms
Applications Miscellaneous
Artificial Intelligence
General
Cognitive simulation Philosophical foundations
Applications and Expert Knowledge-Intensive Systems
Cartography Computer vision Decision support Education Environment Games and infotainment Industrial automation Law Mathematics Medicine and science Military Natural language interfaces Office automation Space Transportation
Automatic Programming
Automatic analysis of algorithms Program modification Program synthesis Program transformation Program verification
Deduction and Theorem Proving and Knowledge Processing
Answer/reason extraction Constraint-based processing Deduction Inference engines Logic processing Logic programming Mathematical induction Metatheory Nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision Resolution Rule-based processing Uncertainty, “fuzzy,” and probabilistic reasoning
Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods
Agent communication languages Distributed representations Frames and scripts Knowledge base management Knowledge base verification Modal logic Predicate logic Relation systems Representation languages Representations (procedural and rule-based) Semantic networks Storage mechanisms Temporal logic
Programming Languages and Software
Expert and knowledge-intensive system tools and techniques
Learning
Analogies Concept learning Connectionism and neural nets Heuristics design Induction Knowledge acquisition Machine learning Language acquisition Parameter learning
Natural Language Processing
Discourse Language generation Language models Language parsing and understanding Language summarization Machine translation Speech recognition and synthesis Text analysis Web text analysis
Problem Solving, Control Methods, and Search
Backtracking Constraint satisfaction Control theory Dynamic programming Graph and tree search strategies Heuristic methods Plan execution, formation, and generation Scheduling
Robotics
Autonomous vehicles Biorobotics Commercial robots and applications Kinematics and dynamics Manipulators Nanorobots Neuromorphic computing Operator interfaces Propelling mechanisms Sensors Workcell organization and planning Vision
Vision and Scene Understanding
3D/stereo scene analysis Architecture and control structures Intensity, color, photometry, and thresholding Modeling and recovery of physical attributes Motion Perceptual reasoning Representations, data structures, and transforms Shape Texture Video analysis
Distributed Artificial Intelligence
Coherence and coordination Intelligent agents Languages and structures Multiagent systems
Intelligent Web Services and Semantic Web
Intelligent Web service languages Internet reasoning services Ontology design Ontology languages
Knowledge Management
Knowledge acquisition Knowledge engineering methodologies Knowledge life cycles Knowledge maintenance Knowledge modeling Knowledge personalization and customization Knowledge publishing Knowledge retrieval Knowledge reuse Knowledge valuation
Miscellaneous
Adaptive hypermedia Computational neuroscience Evolutionary computing and genetic algorithms Wearable AI
Computer Graphics
General Hardware Architecture
Graphics processors Hardcopy devices Input devices Parallel processing Raster display devices Storage devices Three-dimensional displays Vector display devices
Graphics Systems
Distributed/network graphics Remote systems Stand-alone systems
Picture/Image Generation
Antialiasing Bitmap and frame buffer operations Digitizing and scanning Display algorithms Image-based rendering Line and curve generation Viewing algorithms
Graphics Utilities
Application packages Device drivers Graphics editors Graphics packages Meta files Paint systems Picture description languages Software support Virtual device interfaces
Computational Geometry and Object Modeling
Boundary representations Constructive solid geometry Curve, surface, solid, and object representations Geometric algorithms, languages, and systems Hierarchy and geometric transformations Modeling packages Modeling from video Object hierarchies Physically based modeling Splines
Methodology and Techniques
Device independence Ergonomics Graphics data structures and data types Interaction techniques Languages Standards
Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism
Animation Color, shading, shadowing, and texture Fractals Hidden line/surface removal Radiosity Raytracing Virtual reality Visible line/surface algorithms
Applications Miscellaneous
Image Processing and Computer Vision
General
Image displays Image processing software
Digitization and Image Capture
Camera calibration Imaging geometry Quantization Radiometry Reflectance Sampling Scanning
Compression (Coding)
Approximate methods Exact coding Model-based coding MP-4 and MP-7 Video coding
Enhancement
Filtering Geometric correction Grayscale manipulation Registration Sharpening and deblurring Smoothing
Restoration
Inverse filtering Kalman filtering Pseudoinverse restoration Wiener filtering
Reconstruction
Series expansion methods Summation methods Transform methods
Segmentation
Edge and feature detection Graph-theoretic methods Markov random fields Pixel classification Region growing, partitioning Relaxation Stochastic methods
Feature Measurement
Feature representation Invariants Moments Projections Size and shape Texture
Scene Analysis
Color Depth cues Image models Motion Object recognition Photometry Range data Sensor fusion Shading Shape Stereo Surface fitting Time-varying imagery Tracking
Applications Image Representation
Hierarchical Morphological Multidimensional Statistical Volumetric
Miscellaneous
Pattern Recognition
General Models
Deterministic Fuzzy set Geometric Neural nets Statistical Structural Syntactic
Design Methodology
Classifier design and evaluation Feature evaluation and selection Pattern analysis
Clustering
Algorithms Similarity measures
Applications
Arts Computer vision Computational models of vision Face and gesture recognition Government Handwriting analysis Industry Medicine Military Remote sensing Robotics Sciences Signal processing Text processing Waveform analysis
Implementation
Interactive systems Real-time systems Special architectures
Miscellaneous
Simulation, Modeling, and Visualization
General Simulation Theory
Model classification Systems theory Types of simulation
Simulation Languages Applications Model Validation and Analysis Model Development
Modeling methodologies
Simulation Output Analysis Simulation Support Systems
Environments
Types of Simulation
Animation Combined Continuous Discrete event Distributed Gaming Monte Carlo Parallel Visual
Visualization
Applications Flow visualization Information visualization Multivariate visualization Visual programming and program visualization Visualization systems and software Visualization techniques and methodologies Volume visualization
Miscellaneous
Document and Text Processing
General Document and Text Editing
Document management Languages Spelling Version control
Document Preparation
Desktop publishing Format and notation Hypertext/hypermedia Index generation Languages and systems Markup languages Multi/mixed media Photocomposition/typesetting Scripting languages Standards
Index Generation Electronic Publishing Document Capture
Document analysis Document indexing Graphics recognition and interpretation Optical character recognition Scanning
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous
Computer Applications
General Administrative Data Processing
Business Education Financial Government Law Manufacturing Marketing Military
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Aerospace Archaeology Astronomy Chemistry Earth and atmospheric sciences Electronics Engineering Mathematics and statistics Physics
Life and Medical Sciences
Biology and genetics Health Medical information systems
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Economics Psychology Sociology
Arts and Humanities
Architecture Arts, fine and performing Fine arts Language translation Linguistics Literature Music Performing arts
Computer-Aided Engineering
Computer-aided design Computer-aided manufacturing
Computers in Other Systems
Command and control Consumer products Industrial control Military Process control Publishing Real time
Internet Applications
Client/server and multitier systems Databases Database connectivity Distributed file systems Electronic commerce Engineering design Games Health care Intranet/extranet/VPNs Libraries/information repositories/publishing Manufacturing Middleware/business logic Network repositories/data mining/backup Software engineering Traffic analysis Transaction software Web browsers Web servers Web site management/development tools
Mobile Applications
Location-dependent and sensitive Nomadic computing Multimedia applications and multimedia signal processing Pervasive computing Wearable computers and body area networks Wireless sensor networks
Miscellaneous
Computing Milieux
General The Computer Industry
Markets Standards Statistics Suppliers
History of Computing
Hardware People Software Systems Theory
Computers and Education
General Computer Uses in Education
Collaborative learning Computer-assisted instruction Computer-managed instruction Distance learning
Computer and Information Science Education
Accreditation Computer science education Curriculum Information systems education Literacy Self-assessment
Miscellaneous
Accreditation Computer literacy
Computers and Society
General Public Policy Issues
Abuse and crime involving computers Computer-related health issues Ethics Human safety Intellectual property rights Privacy Regulation Transborder data flow Use/abuse of power
Social Issues
Abuse and crime involving computers Assistive technologies for persons with disabilities Employment Handicapped persons/special needs
Organizational Impacts
Automation Computer-supported collaborative work Deployment, usage experience Employment Reengineering Scalability, maintainability
Electronic Commerce
Cybercash, digital cash Distributed commercial transactions Electronic data interchange Intellectual property Payment schemes Security Internet security policies Mobile code security Economic and other policies
Miscellaneous
Legal Aspects of Computing
General Hardware/Software Protection
Copyrights Licensing Patents Proprietary rights Trade secrets
Governmental Issues
Censorship Regulation Taxation
Miscellaneous
Contracts Hardware patents
Management of Computing and Information Systems
General
Economics Information resource management
Project and People Management
Life cycle Management techniques Staffing Strategic information systems planning Systems analysis and design Systems development Training
Installation Management
Benchmarks Computer selection Computing equipment management Performance and usage measurement Pricing and resource allocation
Software Management
Software development Software maintenance Software process Software selection
System Management
Centralization/decentralization Management audit Quality assurance
Security and Protection
Authentication Insurance Invasive software (viruses, worms, Trojan horses) Physical security Unauthorized access (hacking, phreaking)
Miscellaneous
Insurance Security
The Computing Profession
General
Career Management
Occupations Organizations Testing, Certification, and Licensing Professional Ethics
Codes of ethics Codes of good practice Ethical dilemmas
Miscellaneous
Codes of good practice Ethics
Personal Computing
General
Games
Application Packages
Data communications Database processing Freeware/shareware Graphics Spreadsheets Word processing
Hardware Management/Maintenance Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous
Business Education Financial Healthcare Industrial IT Applications Legal Library Military Publishing Sports
This is an extended version of the ACM Computing Classification System Copyright © 2002 ACM and 2007 IEEE, All rights reserved. Technorati Tags: acm, taxonomy, categories
Par ezaekiel
| Avant | 08/03/2007 10:45
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